Case Study Physical Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study Physical Assessment - Assignment Example the different forms of data and assessment procedures that a health assessment should take, which should follow the elements that â€Å"form the database of the assessment of the person’s health† as provided in chapter 1 in Jarvis (2012, pg.2). There are two types of data collected, the subjective data and the objective data. The subjective data is collected through collecting and analyzing what the patient is saying while conducting the examination. On the other hand objective data is the data collected by the medical examiner through inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating while performing the medical examination (Jarvis, 2012). While it is crucial for an objective assessment to be conducted, the subjective data that allows one to understand the patient better is essential in understanding the patient better and come up with the best diagnosis as well as the treatment process for the patient. One of the main assessments that need to be analyzed is the cultural considerations of the patient. In the case study, the patient is an African American adolescent that has been exposed to different conditions that are not favorable to the development and well-being of the child. JP lives with the grandmother and was raised in a violent family where the mother and father were in constant altercations. The mother died of Heroin overdose and has also lost his father who died five years ago. These factors affect the normal up-bringing of JP and with the sickle-cell disease that he is currently enduring the cultural background is one of the main factors that will affect his condition. According to Jarvis (2012) the musculoskeletal function is affected by the cultural background and the life of the patient. According to Jarvis chapter 15, the musculoskeletal system â€Å"provides locomotion, an upright posture, and protection for the body† (Jarvis, 2012, pg. 177). In this regard looking at JP is African-American the muscles are deemed to be different and hence the

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay The characters of the King and the Duke are most likely the most important after Huck and Jim in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. These two men come into Hucks story in chapter nineteen when he leaves the Grangerfords, a family who is fighting a continuous and everlasting war against their neighbors, the Shepherdsons. Huck sees the King and the Duke being chased by some dogs, and he decides to take them aboard the raft, which Huck and Jim are using to travel down the Mississippi River. Huck eventually realizes that the two men that he helped are con artists. Towards the end of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the two phonies are tarred and feathered by a mob who was finally able to catch them. The punishment of the Duke and the King was suitable because the scams they performed were sickening, and they obviously were not bothered by what they did. Mark Twain shows his disrespect for the two imposters through Hucks first impression of them, and how he reacts to the small scams they carry out. The appearance of the King and the Duke is negative from the moment he sees them. His impression of the King is that He had an old battered-up slouch hat on, and a greasy blue woolen shirt, and ragged old blue jeans britches stuffed into his boot-tops, and home-knit galluses? no, he only had one. He had an old long-tailed blue jeans coat with slick brass buttons flung over his arm, and both of them had big, fat, ratty-looking carpet bags. (Page 120) This impression The two of them go on to make up stories how one is actually the Duke of Bridgewater and that the other is the rightful King of France. Huck later comments that It didnt take me long to make up my mind that these liars warnt no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds. (Page 125) The next day, the Duke and the King go into the town of Pokesville, where they go to a town meeting in the woods. The King tells the people at the meeting that he is an ex-pirate of the Indian Ocean who has found his true path and wants to dedicate his life to converting other pirates to this true path of life. Everyone cries for him, and he ends up collecting $87. 75 for this scam and a jug of whiskey. Another time, the Duke decides to perform a low comedy to the people of Pokesville called the Royal Nonesuch. At the bottom of the handbill, it says that women and children are not admitted, in attempt to get a large group of men to come. The people feel cheated because the Duke and the King only act a small skit and then leave. The following two nights, the show is sold out but on the third night, Huck realizes that the crowd has rotten eggs and cabbages stuffed in their pockets. He tells the Duke and the King, and they are able to escape with a total of 465 dollars. At supper, the king and the duke fairly laughed their bones loose over the way theyd served them people. (Page 152) The scams that the two frauds performed showed how low-down and rotten they actually were. Huck is hurt by the following two greedy cons that the King and the Duke pull off. The first was one where they found out that a man named Peter Wilks had died and they pretended to be his long lost brothers in order to steal the inheritance from the three Wilks daughters. They actually stooped this low just to gain some money. They only thought of themselves without even considering future of the girls who were relying on them to take them back to England and care for them. Obviously, the plan of the King and the Duke was that once they collected enough money, they would just abandon the three, orphan sisters. This was the reason that their plan failed. Once they received six thousand dollars in gold, they wanted to stay longer to make more money. Eventually, the real brothers of Peter Wilks came, and everyone realized that the King and the Duke were just impostors. Mark Twain showed his disgust for these men through Huck when he said, It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race. (Page 162) Another instance in which the Duke and the King displayed their gluttony was when they sold Jim to Mr. Phelps in order to make forty dollars. Even after Huck and Jim had done so much to help the crooks, they stabbed them in the back. Then, Huck found out that they were going to the bar with the money they made from every scam and that they were getting drunk. This crushes Huck especially because he is so emotional and has such strong morals. After all this long journey, and after all wed done for them scoundrels, here it was all come to nothing, everything all busted up and ruined, because they could have the heart to serve Jim such a trick as that, and make him a slave again all his life, and amongst strangers, too, for forty dirty dollars. (Page 211) The reader really sees for the first time with the Wilks scam and what the Duke and the King did to Jim how dishonest they really are. The ending of the Duke and the King was appropriate because they were such horrible people. All the cons that they pulled off were more than enough for them to deserve a tar and feathering even though Huck did not believe so. Well, it made me sick to see it; and I was sorry for them poor pitiful rascals, it seemed like I couldnt ever feel any hardness against them any more in the world. (Page 230) The King and the Duke had outraged every town in which they performed a scam. They had to run from the people and dogs following them before Huck and Jim helped them, after the Royal Nonesuch, they had to flee from the mob, and the mob at the town where they tried to rip off the Wilks, they were almost lynched. If they felt that they were brave enough to try to scam all those towns, they must have known that they would have to face the punishment if they were finally caught. The Duke and the King deserved what they got because they cared for no one but themselves. The tar and feathering that the con artists received was a reasonable punishment because they were so greedy, and in their actions they showed that they had no morals or conscience. What was even worse was that they used the money that they stole poorly. They went and wasted it all every time just to get drunk. They were also the reason for slowing down Huck and Jims adventure down the Mississippi River because they were forced to stay with the King and the Duke. The characters of the King and the Duke were despicable and self-absorbed.

Krakatau :: essays research papers

Krakatau Krakatau (Krakatoa), is said to have created the worst volcanic eruptions in history, in 1883. Ancient Krakatoa formed in 416 A.D. and still exists today in Indonesia. That same explosion, in 1883, created 130 feet tsunamis, which destroyed 130 coastal homes, two docks (India and Australia), and killed about 36,000 people. It created very loud sounds and was heard as far away as Madasagascar, about 3,000 miles away from Java, where Krakatau was. Some people even believe that it may have been the reason for the drop in temperature and the spectacular sunsets for the next three years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Krakatoa has erupted many times in its â€Å"lifetime†, but this paper will only share about 3 eruptions: 1883, 1988, and 1992. In 1883, Krakatoa had its most dangerous explosion on August 27th. It blew itself to bits, literally! It destroyed 75% of itself along with many other people living near the coastlines of Australia and India. In 1988, Krakatoa erupted in February, then continued on March 16th on which was reported caused two small lava flows from its new crater, then continued into April, causing frequent explosions to eject small plumes of fire. The last eruption we'll talk about was in 1992. This explosion’s strongest activity point occurred on November 12, when Krakatoa started â€Å"shooting† lava-bombs out of its crater onto the north coast and some lava flowed into the sea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While we know volcanoes erupt, how do they erupt? After some research, I found that they are caused by gas pressuring the molten magma, forcing the magma to push upward into the weak zones in the Earth’s crust. Thus, this allows the magma to push its way out through the volcano’s vents to be erupted from its crater to become lava. In the 1883 eruption, the eruption lasted from August 23-27. In 1988, the explosions lasted from February to April, erupting continuously. And in 1992, it lasted from November 7, 1992 to August 14, 1993, one of Krakatoa’s longest eruptions. In 1992, the lava flowed one kilometer to the north, moving the shore 100 meters more northern than the former shore   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Krakatoa has caused much damage to the world, but what specifically has it done?

Design and Technology Essay

ChairJames Lillis fashion designer of Black Milk online shop â€Å"A lot of people want to know how Black Milk came to be. Well, it’s a long story, full of twists and turns, action and adventures. There are even a few scary bits. But seeing as you asked†¦ why don’t you pull up a metaphoric chair around my metaphoric fire and I’ll tell you the story of Black Milk†¦ â€Å" When James was young, there was a time that he was broke, and everyone around him seemed to have a great job that they enjoyed, â€Å"I was broke, bored and rather cold. At that point most people would have got a job and a beanie, but not I†. He woke up one morning with a desire to make himself a shirt, he went out and bought a second hand sewing machine, and with only $6 left in his wallet, he bought the cheapest nylon lining that he could find. He still does not know why he had such random impulse but he is very glad he did, â€Å"It was these fateful decisions that lead me down the path to Black Milk†. Nylon lining is one of the least attractive fabrics in the market; he had to make a fitted shirt with no one to teach him how to sew this complicated fabric. â€Å"It was tragic. The stitching was wrong, the pieces were cut weird, and the neck was a nothing more than a hole. And I loved it† From that moment, things changed. He began doing odd jobs, but â€Å"at the back of my mind I was plotting and planning. If I got ten bucks it wasn’t just ten bucks †¦ it was half a meter of printed fabric. Three dollars was a new packet of needles. A hundred bucks meant I could get my machine fixed. † With all his enthusiasm he worked in trial and error testing different ways of sewing bits and pieces of fabric. â€Å"You will immediately notice: 1. Both legs are too short 2. The pattern on the right leg is upside down (Hey, I’m a slow starter, alright?! ) However, despite this every girl who tried them on wanted to buy them. Which was super encouraging for me. So I kept going. † After one week of teaching himself how to sew with a half working machine, he went into a dance shop and bought some shiny sparkly fabric. â€Å"The shop was full of mothers, grandmothers, and me. They looked at me like I was from another planet†. He bought a tribal African print because he had seen on the shops that these prints were in fashion, he thought about the fabric and felt an intuition that it would look best on legs. He started working immediately, drew up a  pattern, cut it out and made a pair of leggings in an impressive time for a starter. He wanted to try the leggings on a model and talked to his friend who had a friend who agreed to be a model for James to see if they fit. She put them on, and they didn’t. So he cut them again, and sewed them again several times. And they still didn’t fit. â€Å"I must have recut t hose things ten times†. And finally, they fit. It was at that point that something remarkable and completely unexpected happened, this changed everything. She asked if she could buy them. She took out her wallet, gave him some money and walked off with James leggings. â€Å"I couldn’t stop smiling for the rest of the day. † It was at that point that James felt that it was not impossible. â€Å"I knew that if there was one girl prepared to buy one pair of my leggings, there were (probably) a hundred girls out there who would do the same†. He felt even more confident and he worked even harder to start his own little business â€Å"I threw myself into it with a passion. I would spend 5-6 hours a day on the sewing machine trying to figure out how to sew properly. I even attended sewing lessons at the local sewing shop (yes, I stuck out like a sore thumb). It was pretty tough in those early days. On more than one occasion I came close to throwing everything in the bin. † The next in the list was getting out and selling his designs, so he went door to door, trying to get shops to sell a few of his pieces. And after several painful no’s, one place finally agreed to display a few of James clothes in a corner of their shop. Unfortunately, a week later and they gave him every single piece back. But he was very determined and bought markets to sell his clothes in the Saturday markets. Since 5:30am every single Saturday, James stood around under the sun all day, selling his creations. He was considerably unpopular at the markets, but hundreds of girls all around the world were very interested when they found his clothes through blogging, that soon became much more famous than the tent and so James decided fatefully to make Black Milk exclusively into an online fashion label. â€Å"I talked to a few people in the industry who told me I was making a big mistake and that I would go broke within the month. I was told that online selling was only for companies with ‘real’ shops. But ‘real’ shops weren’t interested in my clothes, so I went online. As it turns out, it was a very good idea. :)† Within 3 years Black Milk have gained over 15000 fan on Facebook been so huge that the team can’t keep up with the sales and a lot of â€Å"sharkies† (Black Milk fans) are getting disappointed on the low reach of the company. James is working as fast as he can with the team to improve his production. Black milk is selling products all around the world, but James himself blogged that the top countries currently buying black milk are â€Å"So what the heck†¦ maybe we’ll just go nuts and set up a studio in the US. You only live once. And of course, we will still have our Australian studios and they will keep expanding. 🙂 Of course, it goes without saying that our strict policy about not manufacturing in the third world is not going to change any time soon. In fact†¦ never. :)† â€Å"I don’t know what this hand signal means, but if it is something along the lines of â€Å"Guess what Black Milk did a deal with LucasArts and so the most awesome clothing ever created will be available Soon†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ then it is surprisingly accurate† James is very excited that the industry grows bigger every day and very fast. â€Å"Instead of me sewing away by myself at night, we have a fantastic team who pump out thousands of garments every month. Instead of trying to get our clothes into ‘real’ shops, we’re online and loving it. Instead of selling to a few girls at the markets, we now have a community of the most amazing girls you could hope for who are passionate about the brand. However, there are some things that haven’t changed. I still love making clothes. I still love hearing from girls who buy the clothes. I love seeing all the different ways girls style their Black Milk pieces, and I love working with all the Black Milk team. Game Boy Print Swimsuit This swimsuit was posted by a number of fashion blogs and websites even before it was released, Black Milk ran out of stock in less than 2 days. Surprisingly a lot of males bought this piece to give it as a present. Spartan leggings Lindsay Lohan wearing Spartan Leggings from Black Milk’s liquid collection. The Muscle leggings â€Å"This is an idea that we have been thinking about for a while. A few people encouraged me to do it but I never quite got around to it. Then I got a spare afternoon one day and decided to have a good go at making it work. It worked†¦. perhaps a little too well! Definitely our most ‘meaty’ design.. † Posted in over 30 blog entries and internet articles, these leggings have been very controversial, both males and females from many countries have been purchasing them, in the other side, the comments from sharkies and teens on social networks show either that they absolutely love them or would not wear them at all. Composition: Polyester/Spandex Oscar Tusquets Blanca: architect, painter and designer Born in Barcelona-Spain in 1941. Studied at the School Llotja of Barcelona and the ETSAB. In 1964 he founded the PER Studio with Lluis Clotet, in which worked regularly until 1984. In 1987 Blanca associated with the architect John Smith and carried out projects in countries like Japan and Germany. In 1980 participated in the enlargement of the Barcelona School of Medicine and two years later in the remodelling of the â€Å"Palau de le Musica catalana† in Barcelona (which will be explained latter on). He also participated in various urban projects such as remodelling of the Convent dels Angels area or the construction of the Olympic Village, two projects in the Catalan capital. He has been awarded several times with the gold prize FAD Delta and in 1987 received the Creu de Sant Jordi. His Italian tradition merely lies in his close cooperation with the manufacturers of products and with his close rtelationship with the technicians. At this time it was very rare for a Spanish or Italian designer to produce working drawings from their designs. Concept sketches serve only to convince the designer himself and his assistants within the studio that a design proposal is possible and to develop the main idea; but Blanca prefers to strike up face to face discussions with those responsible for manufacture and designs may be modified many times before the shape and form of the product is finalized. Blanca believes that there are two types of technicians, â€Å"those who only see difficulties and the usually older craft-men who say ‘this may seem impossible but if I make it this way perharts it is possible’ if a designer does not propose silly things the technician will respect him, it is not possible to improvise design†. His success consists in insistent supervision, not only because he prefers to build a comfortable environment for everybody but because he believes that â€Å"if the design is a failure it is completely my fault†. He worked for several companies a lot of them owned by personal friends, he was highly attached to the technicians â€Å"they are clever and full of suggestions rather than coercive†. But he also had his up and downs, such as the disagreement with the furniture manufacturer â€Å"knoll international† which Blanca believed was overdoing the suggestion that he submit three separate design solutions for a chair. Blanca found the task â€Å"impossible to come up with† because he was a strongly innovative man and in Spain at the time, the market was cost effective and manufacturers believed cheaper to copy Italian and Swedish designs, finding a cheaper solution than that, required a bit more than cleverness including the fact that the manufacturing had to be as cheap as possible and he found the deal with the rest of the workers very hard to accept because it went against his principles. Finding one solution only was hard enough. However soon enough, Spain entered the European Community and the industry around Barcelona and Valencia begun to change as imports tariffs had dropped. It was no longer cost effective, the Italian and Swedish designs were put aside because Spanish consumers could now afford the products of competitive wares which started looking for designers. Blanca had a lot of enthusiasm in trying new inventions which he would not have had the courage to try with Italian producers. The range begun in 1984 and comprises seven different chairs. The lattest was designed for the refurbishment of Domenech I Montaners 1903 previously mentioned â€Å"Palau de le Musica Catalana† in Barcelona. It is described as an auditorium chair and much study has been applied to the acoustical problems â€Å"a good chair for a cinema is a bad chair for a conference hall† This was the final solution, designed for auditoriums. It was first used when renovating the Palau de la Musica Catalana, in Barcelona. However this design was so successful, that if a designer saw it, would think it had been evolving and being perfectioned for years rather than the truth, a lucky clever design. Underneath each seat users find a Helmholtz resonator, which, absorbs the same amount of sound as a human body when the seat is upright. The result is little difference of reverberation no matter how many people were in the hall. This design is said to be successful because is now being used in more than 50 public halls in Spain, including the Senate. This chair was only one of the innovative solutions that Blanca introduced to the â€Å"Palau de le Musica Catalana† that he spent six years enlarging, restoring and air conditioning. The In the first phase, which took several years to achieve, Blanca among with his co-workers, repaired the very damaged parts of the old building and equipped it with sanitary facilities, accessibility, safety and comfort features. These were of course unimaginable a hundred years earlier, but his team made it possible. Palau de le Musica Catalana. Sketches in the process of refurbishment of Domenech I Montaners â€Å"Palau de le Musica Catalana† However the most noteworthy part of the project was to take advantage of the adjacent unfinished church part of the site, to open up the central hidden area properly and more efficiently, even though, remarkably, Domenech had bestowed on it a richness of treatment to be compared with that of the facades, thus opening up a new entrance to the Palau. In the extension adjacent to the stage, Blanca provided services for the performers: rehearsal room, dressing rooms, library, etc In 1979, Alessandro Mendini invited eleven architects from all over the world to design a tea and coffee set: Michael Graves, Hans Hollein, Charles Jencks, Richard Meier, Paolo Portoghesi, Aldo Rossi, Stanley Tigerman, Oscar Tusquets, Robert Venturi, Kazumasa Yamashita and Mendini himself. The overall set is an exercise in micro-architecture, reflecting the various architectural styles of the day. The outcome was presented as Tea ; Coffee Piazza and 99 sets were made in silver, bearing the monogram of each designer. According to Alessandro Mendini in the â€Å"Domus† magazine, Blanca became well known because of the design of the tea set. This product is everything but aimed at all formalistic or decorative it is in fact a detailed study of the history of the teapot, how the applied arts combine with aerodynamics to manage to resolve the problem of containing and pouring hot liquid. He soon saw that the spout, which should emerge from the lower part of the pot – where the liquid is denser and less hot, had been gradually shortened and displaced towards the upper part of the vessel. This was because of the difficulty of making a separate piece and then soldering it to the base. As a result, many present-day teapots only have the slightest of notches in their upper rim for the liquid to be poured out through and this leads to problems with sloppy pouring and inevitable dripping. Another problem area is the handle, there being three traditional types: the top handle – Japanese, the lateral handle – which OTB preferred for its balance and accuracy, and, the least common – the outjutting horizontal handle. OTB discovered that the handle had also been subjected to a gradual process of simplification, leading to unacceptable levels of discomfort: overheating, imbalance, insufficient surface grip area, and so on. Models of the teapot, His studio used balsa and papier Mache for model making. For the Alessi tea set he had a wooden model made professionally because of his distance from Italy. This product is everything but aimed at all formalistic or decorative it is in fact a detailed study of the history of the teapot, how the applied arts combine with aerodynamics to manage to resolve the problem of containing and pouring hot liquid. He soon saw that the spout, which should emerge from the lower part of the pot – where the liquid is denser and less hot, had been gradually shortened and displaced towards the upper part of the vessel. This was because of the difficulty of making a separate piece and then soldering it to the base. As a result, many present-day teapots only have the slightest of notches in their upper rim for the liquid to be poured out through and this leads to problems with sloppy pouring and inevitable dripping. Another problem area is the handle, there being three traditional types: the top handle – Japanese, the lateral handle – which OTB preferred for its balance and accuracy, and, the least common – the outjutting horizontal handle.

Army Crew Team Case Analysis Essay

Colonel Stas Preczewski, better known as Coach P., was the coach of the Army Crew Team for the United States Military Academy at West Point. He was responsible for managing two teams of rowers for the 2000 meter race. They were the Varsity and Junior Varsity (JV) teams and consisted of eight rowers per crew. The 2000 meter races are considered to be very rigorous and could also be compared to playing two basketball games. Because rowing can be so exhausting, the sport requires a lot of endurance and strength to be successful. It is also important to focus on the psychological aspects of this sport. According to a survey that was done by the U.S. Olympic Committee, coaches with at least four years’ experience felt that psychological aspects should be focused on as part of coaching a successful and winning crew. Teamwork was considered essential for all of the rowers. If a rower only thought about his technique, it could potentially slow the entire boat down because the team wou ld no longer be synchronized. All crew members must also have trust in one another. The Army Crew Team of 2001-2002 had gone through extensive training year-round to prepare for the National Championships that are held in spring. In winter they spend time building strength by lifting weights and perfecting technique by practicing on the Ergometer, or ‘erg,’ which is a measuring tool for rowers to determine individual technique and endurance. In the spring they went on a retreat to Atlanta where ultimately Coach P. would determine the members who would fulfill the Varsity and JV teams. Coach P. determined the teams by using a system referred to as ‘seat racing,’ the same method that is used in selecting rowers for the Olympics. He determined the members of the Varsity team by taking the top eight scores for individual strength, with the exception of two men. One was more self-absorbed and was only concerned with his own success, and the other did not have a strong technique. After he chose the teams, they raced each other and the Varsity team won, which confirmed his evaluation. Immediately when they got back to training on the Hudson River, the Varsity team was unhappy because they did not beat the JV team by a greater margin at the retreat, and Coach P. thought that they were just striving for excellence. However, throughout the spring, the JV team was consistently beating the Varsity team. Coach P. was concerned with this and did more testing, which revealed that the Varsity team was stronger and  had more endurance then the JV team. He could not figure out why this was the case. He, along with his assistant, determined that there were many more team disrupters on the Varsity team, and there were no team disrupters on the JV team. They then brought in members from the Center for Enhanced Performance, who could help with building team and individual performance. The JV team took well to this and employed the techniques for building new attitudes and confidence, but the Varsity did not seem to do this and felt that any positive display towards one another was too ‘touchy feely.’ The JV team continued to beat the Varsity team. After each race the Varsity team would heavily critique one another on an individual level. The JV team only focused on displaying inspirational sayings such as â€Å"we will succeed together, we will fail together.† The Varsity team and Coach P. were looking for answers. Problem The Varsity team was not winning races because they did not know how to work well with each other and work as a team. This is something that the JV team was able to do very effectively. It has been proven through many findings in research that people perform better if they exhibit teamwork (Chieh-Wen, Yi-Fan & MingChia, 2010). When a team works together, it enhances the quality of the work and instills trust and satisfaction in the team members (Chieh-Wen, Yi-Fan & MingChia, 2010). It was very apparent that the Varsity team was not happy with the outcomes of any of their races, including the first race they had against the JV team. Throughout the season the Varsity team was not working well together, which translated into poor performance. Trust is also very important for effective teamwork. Welch and Welch (2011) state in the article â€Å"How to Build a Winning Team† that when a winning team â€Å"is infused with trust, people play to their better angles. They share ideas freely (p. 2).† Clearly the Varsity team had opinions about each other, however, they were not encouraged to state their problems directly to each other, they were to direct the questions to Coach P. Each of the members of the Varsity team were selected because of their strength and endurance, so most of them thought that they were the best, and it almost seems as if they did not trust that any of the other teammates were as good. This could also be explained when Coach P. examined both the JV and Varsity  teams strengths and weaknesses and determined that the Varsity team consisted of many team disrupters, or people that either talk too much or criticize others during practice. The article called â€Å"Nurturing Interpersonal Trust in Knowledge-Sharing Networks† (2003) also talks about two dimensions of trust. One dimension is benevolence, or the idea that people feel that they are being cared about and have an interest in their well-being and the other is competence, which is that the person has relevant expertise and can be depended on to know information (Abrams, Cross, Lesser, and Levin). These are two important aspects to teamwork that are clearly an issue impacting the Varsity team. The Varsity team also felt that at one point in the season Coach P. was trying to create a rivalry between the two teams which is why they had to row against each other in practice so often. A member of the Varsity team felt that it was unnerving that they had to compete against the JV team, almost like making them off of their game. They had no clear direction as to where the team was going, no proper leadership to direct them. â€Å"In groups that had high levels of collaborative behavior, the team leaders clearly made a significant difference (Gratton, Erickson p. 106, 2007).† It is important to have leadership and direction. The Varsity team did not have any members who did this nor did they feel that their coach was always supportive. The problem lies with the lack of teamwork within the Varsity team. They did not have proper leadership or trust to be able to be a winning team. The Varsity team continues to be beaten by the JV team due to the lack of teamwork. Being in synch is what rowing is all about, and they are not able to do this. The dictionary defines teamwork as â€Å"cooperative or coordinated effort on the part of a group of persons acting together as a team or in the interest of a common cause.† Solutions Coach P. must determine what to do with the Varsity team and he is faced with three options. The first option would be to switch the Varsity and JV boats. Second, he could switch individual members from each boat. Finally, he could keep everything as is, and try to increase the Varsity boat’s  performance so that they start to win. Each option will be evaluated based on several criteria. The ultimate goal of Coach P. and all of the team members is to develop a winning team. Each option must be evaluated on whether the chosen team will maximize its performance and win races. Also is there enough time to make the changes necessary to win? Timing is important because there were only four days until the National Championships. Can there be a positive relationship between team members with each option? The important aspect to focus on is whether or not the relationships can maintain or be mended. Having positive relationships are directly related to the importance of teamwork and whether or not positive teamwork will happen at all. The first option to be evaluated is the possibility of switching the Varsity and JV boats. The team members on the JV team were assigned to that boat because their performance, individually, was not as good as the members who were initially chosen for the Varsity team. With the exception of two members on the JV team, they consisted of members who were not nearly as strong, had less endurance and were also technically not as good as the Varsity team. It would be fairly easy to make this adjustment so timing would not be an issue since and could be easily done within four days. Will the relationship between both of the boats change if the boats were switched? There is a possibility that the JV teams relationship would change because they initially thought that they had nothing to lose being on the JV team. If they were to be named the new Varsity team, personalities could change because of the increased stress level since they no longer will have the ‘nothing to lose’ feeling. Even one of the members from the JV team were not chosen for the Varsity team initially because of his focus was on individual performance, and he was also critical of others, and these reactions could be reignited if the switch was made. Coach P. could switch individual team members between boats. Based on documented results, Coach P. specifically chose the Varsity boat due to their strength and endurance. Since there were a few members that were also very strong on the JV team, the switch could still keep the performance at a high level. The rower that struggled with technique could maybe improve on  performance if he were with other members that were just as strong. Being in synch is something that is extremely important in rowing, and if a team is not able to do this, they will not be successful. Timing could be an issue with this option since they only have four days to learn how to work with one another. Trust could be a problem as well since they have not worked with each other on a consistent basis. Because of the short amount of time that they have to work with one another, it can also have a negative effect on the relationship of the team. Psychological factors are important to the success of any rowing team and they could be compromised, especially the original members of the Varsity team. They will feel even more beat down. Coach P. has already tested this option and the JV team members had a difficult time getting along with the Varsity members. Finally, Coach P. could not make any adjustment between the JV and Varsity teams and try to focus on getting the Varsity team to work with one another. The members of the Varsity team were evaluated at the Atlanta retreat by Coach P. and he determined that they were the strongest, had the most endurance, and had the best technique. This is the reason that they were chosen for the Varsity team in the first place, so the performance potential is definitely present in each of the Varsity team members. Timing is something that could be an issue because it might be questioned as to how can the Varsity team learn to work with each other in four days if they were unable to work well as a team up until then? Four days is a very short time frame to develop trust in one another. This is also important in determining whether or not the relationship could be mended. Coach P. has already tried to work on building a more positive relationship that would enhance performance when he brought in a person from the Center for Enhanced Performance to specifically work on building their confidence in one another. When Coach P. initially selected the teams, he did not see that there were ‘team disrupters’ even though he did see that in members that he did not select for the Varsity team and purposely put them on the JV team. This shows that there may be potential in mending the relationships, if Coach P.’s initial analyses were correct. Recommendations and Plan of Action Coach P. should keep the Varsity team as-is and try to build on the  teamwork. The main reason is because in his initial analysis at the Atlanta retreat he had determined that they are in fact the strongest, have the most endurance and technically are the best rowers out of the sixteen men. If he were to switch the boats, it is almost like settling for second best since he knows that they are not the best performers. The relationships are also something that could be of issue in the other two options. It is unknown that the relationship will maintain if the JV team boat were switched, and it was clear that if individual team members were switched that they did not work well with each other through the initial tests that done by Coach P. Coach P. needs to realize that he needs to stand in front of his team to help influence them to perform better and find ways so that they can work well together. â€Å"Research findings demonstrate that perceived team support significantly influenc es teamwork behavior and trust (Cheih-Wen, Yi-Fang &Ming-Cha, 2010).† Since they do not have trust in their coach at all times, based on discussions that they had when they were pinning their failures on their coach, how can they develop trust in one another? Coach P. has put a lot of pressure on them to be a winning team. Along with that pressure, comes more criticism. Coach P. asked that each of the team members only go to him when they have negative things to say about another team member and the Varsity team would email him on a consistent basis. Open and honest communication is extremely important when building trust with one another and if Coach P. is only asking his team to come to him with negative comments, this is not endorsing an open and honest line of communication (Byrne 1999). It does not seem that the Varsity team was able to build any personal connections. Learning what one another has in common on a personal level rather than just a competitive level could help with building that trust (Abrams, Cross, Lesser & Levin 2003). If Coach P. would help with facilitating more personal relationships, they may learn to work well together, even possibly quickly. The process of teamwork â€Å"requires spending time together as a team and making that time enjoyable. By coaching, training together, establishing common goals†¦and having fun together† teams can accomplish a lot together (Byrne, 1999). They need to find something that is fun to do rather than just concentrate on the seriousness of competition. Personal connections  can help develop a care for one another and also more approachable when there are more serious issues that are needed to be discussed (Abrams, Cross, Lesser and Levin, 2003). If the Varsity team is able to laugh together, they will be able to communicate on a more positive level and develop teamwork. In the future, Coach P. should focus developing personal connections with his team earlier on. They will develop trust and positive teamwork that will translate onto the water where they can be more in synch. Conclusion The Varsity Army Crew team did not know how to work well together as a team albeit they were great performers individually. They were not able to beat the JV team, who exhibited a great amount of teamwork even though they were not as strong performers individually. The varsity team was too critical of one another and had no personal connection. After evaluating several options as to what Coach P. should do days before the National Championships, it was determined that he should try to work things out with the Varsity team so that they could work together more cohesively. If they are able to work together as a team, their outstanding strength, endurance and technique should translate to success as a winning team.

Law of International Trade Essays

Law of International Trade Essays Law of International Trade Essay Law of International Trade Essay Introduction Coffee Beans that were bought in Sao Paulo. Brazil are to be transported to a terminal based in Durham. England. The entire weight of the Coffee Beans to be shipped is 1500 metric tons. At first. this may look to be an ordinary cargo on the surface. However. when seting into perspective the sum of legalities to be fulfilled and the monolithic measure of beans involved. the dashing nature of the undertaking becomes apparent. Every state has its ain set of curious trade Torahs. These Torahs become more complex and stringent when it comes to International trade. However. while merchandising across boundaries. the local domestic jurisprudence demands to be respected at any cost. An International trade jurisprudence is a combination of the jurisprudence of the land and international Torahs regulating the minutess of goods or services across boundary lines ( Cornell. 2005 ) . Multilateral pacts are besides signed between states to decide differences and efficaciously implement reciprocally consented footings and conditions. This is done to standardise the full procedure and prevent struggles. For case. the Convention on contracts for the International Gross saless of Goods ( CISG ) is one such international trade understanding put away by the UN to regulate International trade operations. The different manners of transit available for transit demand to be considered. maintaining in head a host of factors. This includes guaranting the safe theodolite of the beans at each and every point. right from the topographic point of purchase to the finish terminal. Attempts besides need to be made to do the procedure every bit economical as possible. The decrease in transit charges would interpret to higher degrees of net income. The sharing of the costs involved in transporting the beans should be decently worked out and the determinations should be incorporated into the understanding. The point at which the seller’s liability ends besides needs to be suitably documented. It is normally indicated by the INCO footings. Although economic system in transit is indispensable. it should non come at the cost of priceless clip. The goods besides need to be transported within a sensible timeframe. The Torahs modulating trade in the going every bit good as finish points need to be decently interpreted. in order to avoid confusion at a ulterior point of clip. This calls for relevant paperwork which would attest the legitimacy of the whole procedure. To get down with. the whole procedure demands to be broken down into different stairss. The purchase of java beans can either be from a maker or a jobber. Relevant cogent evidence of purchase provided should be provided by the marketer. after having the in agreement monetary value. Other export licenses should be purchased. in order to transport them to the terminal in Durham. Then. the purchased beans are moved to a warehouse. Since the purchased goods are rather voluminous and bulky. transporting the goods through best the most cost-efficient solution. However. the goods from the seller’s premises have to be transported to a warehouse. A warehouse is normally an empty storage with equal installations for traveling goods. It is used by makers. concerns. importers. jobbers. exporters and imposts bureau to intermediately hive away goods. The marketer would hold to advise the purchaser about the estimated clip of reaching. The marketer would besides hold to supply necessary cogent evidence paperss of each phase involved in the passenger car of the goods. A host of disbursals are normally incurred during the passenger car of goods from one state to another. This includes disbursals incurred in Warehouse storage and labor. export packing. burden charges. inland cargo. terminal charges. forwarder’s fee. vas burden charges. charges upon reaching. ocean/ air cargo. strike responsibility. revenue enhancements. imposts and charges upon bringing at the finish. While transporting out International trade. the chief concern is the surety of obtaining payments within an acceptable period of clip. This concern is addressed by the construct of Documentary Credits. Documentary Credit is a system by which the purchaser instructs his bank to pay the marketer. On the footing of client trust. the bank transfers the financess to the seller’s bank history on the behalf of the purchaser. However. equal paperss in support of the concerned dealing will hold sent from the ship to the seller’s bank. After verifying these paperss. they are sent to the buyer’s bank for farther processing ( Fraud Aid. 2005 ) . In this agreement. the bank becomes the primary obligator. thereby advancing healthy International trade by extinguishing uncertainties and concerns about payment. The written direction given by the purchaser to his bank is besides normally known as missive of recognition ( L/C ) . The International Chamber of Commerce has defined some internationally recognized trading footings. These footings are otherwise referred to as INCO footings 2000. These trading footings are normally used during the abroad transit of goods. They are used to bespeak whether it is the marketer or purchaser that has to bring forth the needed paperss indispensable for transporting out trade on a planetary graduated table. The INCO footings should be followed by the named topographic point mentioned in the contract ( International Business Institute. 2000 ) . The named topographic point in this instance is Durham. England. These footings are capable of denominating the liabilities every bit good as rights of each party involved. Incoterms 2000 Ex Works’ refers to type of bringing where the full cost and hazard of transporting the goods from seller’s premises to the concluding finish is borne by the purchaser. This theoretical account is extremely good to the marketer. since there is no hazard involved. The marketer does non even have to take up the duty of lading the goods from his premises. as the lone duty will be to do goods available. The relevant bill and testimonies mentioned in the contract will besides hold to be provided by the marketer. The short term for Ex Works is EXW. Free Alongside Ship’ transfers the hazard and cost of transit when the marketer transports the goods to the quay. alongside the ship. The abbreviation for Free Alongside Ship is FAS. In Free Carrier’ . the duty of guaranting the safety of the goods ends for the marketer when the goods are handed over to the Carrier’s detention at a reciprocally agreed location. This location is referred to as the named point. In Free On Board. the marketer bears the liability until the goods are put on board the ship at the Port of cargo. The port of cargo is mentioned in the contract. From this point. the hazard transportations to the Buyer. This is normally known as FOB. In Cost A ; Freight ( CFR ) . the marketer ships the goods to the named Port of finish mentioned in the contract. by paying the cargo charges. The purchaser so takes up complete duty when the goods base on balls over the ship’s rail at the Port. The conditions of Cost Insurance A ; Freight are similar to the old 1. However. the Seller has to take the extra duty of paying the insurance premium on the buyer’s behalf. This is denoted by CIF. The marketer has to besides incur disbursals in sing all the hazards until the named finish. in the instance of Carriage A ; Insurance Paid ( CIP ) . When the marketer bears the cargo charges of the goods until they reach the reciprocally agreed location. it is mentioned as Passenger car Paid ( APT ) . Equally shortly as the goods reach the first bearer. it becomes a liability of the purchaser. In Delivery at Frontier ( DAB ) . the marketer bears the charges and liabilities until the goods enter the Frontier. When the goods reach the Customs procedure. it risk transportations to the purchaser. Delivered Duty Paid ( ADP ) is most favourable to the purchaser. since the marketer will bear all charges incurred in presenting the goods to the purchaser. Delivered Duty Unpaid is similar to ADP. with the exclusion of import responsibility and other official import charges that are borne by the purchaser. In Delivered Ex Ship ( DES ) . the duty and cost of reassigning the goods base on ballss from the marketer to the purchaser when the ship transporting the goods reaches the finish port. It will be the buyer’s duty to dispatch the goods. Delivered Ex Quay ( DEQ ) is of two types ; Duty Paid and Duty on Buyers Account. The marketer has the duty to present the goods in the quay of the finish port. Either the purchaser or the sealant takes up the duty of the paying the responsibility. harmonizing to the initial understanding. Farther considerations Many factors have to be considered when it comes to structuring a passenger car contract understanding. There are three signifiers of passenger car ; common passenger car. contract passenger car and private passenger car. Common passenger car is a type of bearer service catering to the general populace to execute common transit services. These services have to be authorized by assorted authorities regulative bureaus. The duties that are charged for the service legitimately demanded locations are held by these bureaus. Contract passenger car involves transit services to an limitless figure of stations. These bureaus besides have to acquire necessary mandate from the same bureaus. Relevant contracts dwelling of inside informations about the minimal rates and charges are filed at different allowing bureaus and. Transcripts of this contract are besides retained at the installations of the shippers every bit good as the bearers. Private passenger car offers transit services to concern endeavors. This service is for meant for makers and distributers that transport their goods in their private vehicles driven by their ain employees. It is besides normally known as shipper-carrier. The distinct needs’ proviso takes attention of separating the different passenger car types. It is really indispensable to separate between a normal contract and a passenger car contract ; failure to carry through this could ensue in several liability issues on both sides. This distinguishable needs proviso helps to separate a passenger car contract from a regular one. This proviso incorporates certain alone footings and conditions including specific demands of a shipper and the duties that need to be satisfied by the contract bearer. Some of the commonly reference distinguishable needs in a passenger car contract understanding are monetary value accommodation clauses. footings of recognition. incidental transit charges. lading transportation charges and specific bringing agendas. However. the shipper should truly consist these alone services if they are mentioned. A certain grade of rationality should be allowed while covering with passenger car contracts. First of all. one has to understand assorted transporting term in order to grok the transportation regulations better. Carrier’ is a term used to mention to the individual who marks the contract of passenger car with a shipper. It is normally the proprietor or charterer who hires a ship to transport their lading. riders or other goods. Shipper’ refers to the individual who pays money to the bearer to transport his goods ( Arnold. 2003 ) . Hence. the term shipper’ may either mention to the purchaser or the marketer of the beans. depending upon the INCO term in usage. Carrier is the company or bureau which undertakes to transport the beans from Brazil to England. The Contract of passenger car will use to understandings mentioned in the measure of ladling or any similar papers that concerns the passenger car of goods by sea. The term goods’ is used to mention to wares. ware and other articles. However. unrecorded animate beings are non included in the goods class. Goods such as brandy and gun pulverization were classified as unsafe goods. The cogency period of the Contract of passenger car starts from the clip of goods being loaded until they are unloaded from the ship. Hague A ; Hague Visby Rules Hague regulations were framed by the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law associating to Bills of Lading and Protocol of Signature. It came into consequence on 25 August 1924 in Brussels. It was an attempt to represent a minimal compulsory liability for bearers. since most of them were hedging the liability due to loss or harm of lading. Harmonizing to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) . this was a move by the International community to manufacture a just system for the shipper every bit good as the bearer. Even today. these regulations act as the foundation for bordering marine trading Torahs for a bulk of the states around the universe. Harmonizing to Hague Rules. the bearer will be apt to bear the cost of damaged or lost goods merely if the shipper is able to turn out that the shipper’s deficiency or absence of diligence. However. the bearer would non be held apt if the ship was unseaworthy. The bearer will besides lose the liability to counterbalance for the goods. when the harm is caused by a natural catastrophe termed as Act of God’ or a fire accident which is caused to due to any ground other than a mistake in the bearer vas. The bearer will besides non be apt for amendss caused due to the act of terrorists. war or and other anti-social elements like plagiarists. The bearer would non be responsible for a hold in the bringing of goods. if the hold was caused due to an exigency state of affairs like lockouts. quarantine operations or public work stoppages. The shipper would non be able to claim amendss from the bearer. even in the event of disregard of the responsibility by the employees of the ship. Therefore. this enabled the bearer to acquire away with liabilities originating as a consequence of mistakes made by the people working on board such as seamans and the carrier’s working staff. if the bearer was in a place to turn out that the ship was seaworthy and adequately and suitably manned ( Admiralty Law Guide. 2006 ) . Since this proviso lets bearers to acquire off scot-free. it has posed a serious struggle in equilibrating liabilities between the bearer and shipper. Transportation system of goods involves two chief types of contracts. They are Carriage Contract Agreement and Bill of Lading Contract. Passenger car Contract Agreements are normally signed when long cargos are involved. It serves as a go oning contract that stands for the safe bringing of goods to promised finish. It normally covers multiple cargos that are necessary to transport out a long cargo procedure. The complete cargo procedure may affect other manners of transit such as land and air cargo. However. passenger car contract can non function as a reception of ware. The Bill of Lading is issued by the bearer as a cogent evidence of having the goods and serves as reception of ware. A Bill of Lading is an understanding for a individual cargo procedure which may be a portion of a long procedure. In the practical sense. it is a list of outgos incurred towards lading goods into a vas. It is governed by all the footings and conditions mentioned in the Carriage Contract. It besides acts as certification that verifies the genuineness of the laden goods. Further. it indicates whether the received goods were in good status or non. Depending upon status of the goods and packaging. the Bill of Lading is classified as Clean or Foul Bill of Lading. It besides is farther cogent evidence of the being of a Carriage Contract ( Wikipedia. 2006 ) . However. the Bill of ladling and Carriage Contract are wholly different entities and they serve different intents. Hence. the Bill of Ladling can non be used as a Contract Carriage and frailty versa. There are three types of measure of ladling ; consecutive measure of ladling. order measure of ladling and bearer measure of cargo. In consecutive measure of ladling. the consignee can claim amendss from the consignor when the goods are non delivered on clip due to defaulting or carelessness of the consignor. This measure of ladling is non-negotiable. In order measure of ladling. the consignee can obtain bringing of goods if the consignee provides a measure and grounds demoing the consigner’s involvement to reassign. This measure of cargo is negotiable. In bearer measure of ladling. any individual keeping the measure of landing is entitled to have the goods. When the consignor does non advert the consignee’s name. it becomes a carrier measure and can be negotiated. Goods that are issued with a negotiable measure of ladling can be received merely if the original paperss are presented at the clip of bringing. However. the hurrying of trade and theodolite operations has given manner to the issue of non-negotiable paperss for goods. which enables the consignor to have the goods by merely showing the non-negotiable measure of ladling ( Forwarder Law. 2005 ) . Some of the standard duties that have to be fulfilled by the consignor include supplying the bearer with consignee’s name and reference and finish of the passenger car. The nature. weight. volume and the measure of the goods to be shipped are besides to be clearly stated. Even the wadding and wrapper manner. figure of bundles and any other inside informations needed to place the goods need to be provided by the consignor. The consigner would be held be responsible for any amendss. in the event of false or deficient inside informations being provided. Harmonizing to Article 283 of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act ( CGSA ) ( 1924 ) . the Bill of Lading can be issued either in the name of a peculiar individual or the carrier. It normally consists of the following inside informations. 1 ) Date of publishing the measure. 2 ) Venue where the measure was signed and brought to consequence. 3 ) Topographic point of going and finish. 4 ) Names and references of the consigner. consignee. bearer and the passenger car committee agent. 5 ) The value and designation inside informations of the shipped points. 6 ) Date of transportation. 7 ) Freight and other disbursals with an indicant of whether they are collectible by the consigner or the consignee. 8 ) The conditions refering to the burden and unloading. type of conveyance agencies required to be used for passenger car. the path to be followed. a finding of the duty and any other particular conditions which may be included in a passenger car contract. In add-on to the measure of ladling. the bearer besides issues a non-negotiable reception called bill of lading which proves to be utile in a state of affairs when the goods arrive before the dealing paperss. It is besides issued when the consignee and the consignor is the same individual ( Evans. 2001 ) . This option can be chosen when the consignor decides to cut down paperwork. A ship’s bringing order is another papers that undertakes to transport goods by sea. The commissariats for this papers are provided by the CGSA ( 1992 ) . However. this papers can neither replace a bill of lading nor a measure of cargo. Harmonizing to Article 284 of the CGSA ( 1924 ) . the bearer would be required to publish a measure of ladling to the consignor. Alternatively. the bearer can besides give a reception adverting the inside informations of the goods carried and day of the month of cargo to the consignor. The consignor would be required to present the goods to be shipped at the carrier’s premises. The consignor should besides bring forth relevant papers deemed necessary for transporting. The consignor will be held responsible for any liability arising as a consequence of inaccurate or uncomplete information in the paperss provided. Harmonizing to Article 288 of the CGSA ( 1924 ) . Since the bearer possesses the right to analyze the packaged goods and the criterion of packing before the passenger car. the harm of goods originating due to improper packaging is non wholly borne by the consignor ; the liability is shared with the bearer. Harmonizing to Article 289 of the same Act. the initial scrutiny of the goods would necessitate the presence of the consignor. if gap of packaging is involved. If the consignor is absent during the review procedure. the scrutiny would come on and scrutiny costs would be levied from the consignor. If the bearer finds the goods to be unsuitable for theodolite. the consignor would be informed about the same. Such goods would be shipped by the bearer merely if the consignor bears the liability of harm of goods and the consigner’s consent about the same is incorporated into the Bill of Lading. Cargo Insurance compensates the shipper with losingss caused due to fire. loss of lading and harm. However. losingss that can be recovered from the bearer will non be compensated by Insurance Company. It is besides popularly known as Marine insurance. It is farther classified into Inland and Ocean Marine Insurance. Inland Marine Insurance is issued for goods that are transported without the affecting any signifier sea conveyance and Ocean Marine Insurance is meant for goods that are shipped through waterways. The three pillars of Marine Insurance are insurable involvement. utmost good religion. and insurance ( Export 911 ) . Marine Insurance is non compulsory. unless it is mentioned so in the understanding. The cogent evidence of Insurance is provided by the Insurance policy duly signed by the authorization of the Insurance Company. Generally. the insurance would cover the loss or harm of java beans under normal fortunes. However. the insurance would go nothingness when the shipper tries to or succeeds in doing knowing harm. When the loss of java beans is meager or caused as a consequence of improper packaging. the insurance would non cover the loss. Harmonizing to Article 292 of the CGSA ( 1924 ) . the bearer is obliged to go in the reciprocally agreed upon path mentioned in the understanding. However. the bearer is expected to take the shortest path if a path is non mentioned in the understanding. However. the bearer can alter class if any ineluctable state of affairs arises and the bearer would non be held apt for any loss caused to the consignor due to the late bringing of goods. provided a echt ground is established. The goods being transported by the bearer should be decently safeguarded. The costs incurred in accomplishing this aim. such as repackaging charges are entirely borne by the bearer. However. this does non connote taking extra attention of the goods being transported. For case. when animate beings are being shipped. the bearer will non be responsible for keeping the wellness of the animate being by supplying nutrient and H2O. The same status will stand good while transporting workss every bit good. However. the bearer would hold to take up such duties. if such conditions regulating the wellbeing of workss and animate being are incorporated in the understanding By and large. the bearer will hold the duty to dispatch the goods from the ship and bear the charges incurred towards it. In the event of the understanding non necessitating the bringing of the shipped point to the consignee’s installation. so the consignee would hold to have the same on a peculiar day of the month fixed by the bearer. If the consignee fails to make so. so s/he would hold to bear the charges incurred by the bearer for hive awaying the shipped point. However. the consignee has the right to analyze the contents before admiting the reception and decline the same. if the bearer is non co-operating. The following protocol towards the emancipation of the shippers came in the signifier of the Brussels protocol in 1968. It was responsible for inculcating an of import clause called the container clause’ . It enabled shippers to claim the compensation for each container specified in the Bill of Lading ( Admiralty Law. 2005 ) . As a consequence. this liability system came to be known as the Hague-Visby Rules. An extra protocol was added in 1979 to heighten and revise the regulations. However. neither of two auxiliary protocols of the Hague regulations was able to efficaciously modify the basic liability commissariats. Hamburg Rules The Hamburg regulations were enforced at the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea held in Hamburg on 30 March 1978. The main aim was to implement a system that would portion the liabilities and duties between shipper and bearer in fairer mode. However. it was merely able to mildly travel the liabilities to the bearer. In add-on to the footings bearer. shipper. goods and ship. a term called Actual carrier’ is defined by the Hamburg regulations. It refers to a individual or an bureau to which the bearer hands over the complete or partial duty of transporting the goods. The clip period for claiming the liabilities caused by the bearer is besides specified by the Hamburg regulations. The shipper can action the bearer for any liabilities with a two twelvemonth clip period from the day of the month of bringing of the goods. This period can be extended by publishing appropriate legal declarations. However. this clip period gets reduced to 90 yearss. in the instance of a 2nd claim after the finding of fact is reached for the first claim. First of all. a written ailment has to be instituted to the bearer within the following on the job twenty-four hours. in the instance of evident harm or loss. However. in the instance of harm or loss non being apparent. the shipper would hold to register a written ailment to the bearer within 15 yearss of having the goods. In order to be in a place to claim amendss due to detain. the bearer would hold to give a compliant to the shipper within 60 yearss of the bringing. The ailment can be sent to the bearer in authorship or via telegraph. Adequate installations will besides hold provided by both parties to inspect and clear up these claims. If the shipper fails to fulfill any of the aforesaid conditions. he or she will non be able to claim amendss from the bearer. The Hamburg regulations besides specify the bounds for liability compensation. The compensation for the liabilities originating as a consequence of harm or loss can non transcend an sum more than 2. 5 units of history per kg or 835 units of history per bundle. This unit is quantified by the International Monetary Fund as a consequence of a Particular Drawing Right. If the shipper’s State is a member of the International Monetary Fund. so the units would be changed into the State’s currency on the judgement twenty-four hours. If the shipper’s State is non a member of the International Monetary Fund. the units would be converted harmonizing to the State’s local Torahs. The liabilities for hold in the bringing of goods should non be more than the entire cargo payable ; it can be up to two and a half times the cargo payable for the goods that are delayed. under the contract of passenger car. Arbitrations A ; Disputes The arbitration of these claims and general differences would usually take topographic point in a locale of the claimer’s penchant. However. the topographic point should be with in conformity to the judicial admissions mentioned. It should non be a topographic point outside the State where the defendant’s concern or abode is located. It can besides take topographic point in a State where the contract was signed or at the topographic point of lading or droping the goods. Judicial action may besides be taken against the bearer in the same topographic points mentioned above. It is better to see the java beans before they are to be shipped onboard a vas. due to the hazards involved in transit. Since the bearers have merely restricted restrictions. it does do sense to obtain insurance. Most bearers transporting from Sao Paulo to Durham. for case Xiameter’ ( 2006 ) follows Passenger car and Insurance Paid ( CIP ) bringing. Therefore. it is better to transport the java beans through a reputed bearer. in order to understate hazards and finish the transportation within a coveted period of clip. Bibliographies ACE- Baracuda. Guide to Incoterms. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ace-baracuda. com/template7. asp? pageid=26 ( accessed at: 23 April 2006 ) Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide.International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law associating to Bills of Lading ( Hague Rules ) . and Protocol of Signature: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. admiraltylawguide. com/conven/haguerules1924. hypertext markup language ( accessed at: 23 April 2006 ) Briel. E. ( 1947 )International Passs: A treatise on International jurisprudence. Nyt Nordisk Forlag. Copenhagen. Brooks. M. ( 2000 )Sea Change in Liner Shipping: Regulation and Managerial Decision-Making in Global Industry. Pergamon imperativeness. Amsterdam. Brown. E. D. ( 1997 ) Law of Sea History. Bernhardt. R. ( Ed ) .Encyclopaedia of Public International Law.Amsterdam. Northern Holland. Brugmann. G. ( 2003 )Entree to Maritime ports. Maestro of Laws ( LLM ) . Books on Demand GmbH. Noderstedt. Germany. Caron. D. ( 1989 ) Ships. Nationality and Status. Bernhardt. R ( Ed )Encyclopaedia of Public International jurisprudence. Vol. 11. Amsterdam. Northern Holland. Lex Mercatoria: Information on United Nations Commission on International Trade Law ( UNCITRAL ) .UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea 1978: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jus. uio. no/lm/un. sea. passenger car. Hamburg. regulations. 1978/doc ( accessed at: 23 April 2006 ) Mentions Admiralty Law ( 2005 )Hague-Visby Rules.Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. admiraltylaw. com/statutes/hague. hypertext markup language ( accessed at: 29 April 2006 ) . Admiralty Law Guide ( 2006 )Hague Rules.Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. admiraltylawguide. com/conven/haguerules1924. hypertext markup language ( accessed at: 28 April 2006 ) . Arnold. A ( 2003 )Relocation Terminology. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aarnold. net/terminology. htm ( accessed at: 28 April 2006 ) . Evans. J ( 2001 )Law of International Trade.3rdEdition. Old Bailey Press. London. Cornell Law School. ( 2005 )International Trade. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jurisprudence. Cornell. edu/wex/index. php/International_trade ( accessed at: 29 April 2006 ) . Export 911.Principles of Cargo Insurance.Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. export911. com/e911/ship/principl. htm # xInstitute ( accessed at: 30 April 2006 ) . Forwarder Law.Status of Seaway Bills.Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. forwarderlaw. com/library/view. php? article_id=237 ( accessed at: 30 April 2006 ) . Fraud Aid. ( 2005 )Documentary Credit. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. fraudaid. com/Dictionary-of-Financial-Scam-Terms/documentary_credit. htm ( accessed at: 28 April 2006 ) . International Business Institute. ( 2000 )Incoterms 2000. 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Free Essays on The Great Gatsby And The Taming Of The Shrew

Money, Love ,Aspiration In â€Å"The Great Gatsbyâ€Å" And â€Å"The Taming Of The Shrewâ€Å" It is often said that great minds think alike. We have Shakespeare being one of the greatest playwrites in time, and F.Scott Fitzgerald being one of America's most famous authors. So it would not be surprising to say that both author and playwrite wrote works which were quite comparable even today, despite the time difference in which they were written. Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew takes place in Elizabethan England as Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is set in America in the 1920's. Both pieces however endow characters which show similar characteristics and if carefully analyzed show recurring themes of Love, Money and Aspiration in many similar aspects. One recurring theme that is evident throughtout both pieces is love as both authors try to point out to their readers that what you see is not always what you get. This is apparent with Shakespeare's character of Lucentio in the taming of the shrew. Lucentio is an ambitous individual whos impulsive behaviour makes him a prime target for a seemingly beautiful and fair lady named Bianca, the daughter of a wealthy man named Baptista Minola. After seeing Bianca for the first time in a crowded marketplace, lucentio falls in love with Bianca at first sight and vows to marry her because she is so "virutous and fair". Similarily, in the great gatsby the main character by the name of Gatsby falls hopelessly in love with a wealthy woman named Daisy, after knowing her for a very little time. Gatsby, like Lucentio, vows to achieve Daisy and in the midst of his dream he is unable to see the reality of the situation. A world in which Daisy has moved on from their past relationship, gotten marrie d, and even given birth to a daughter. However, Gatsby is so obsessively tangled in his hopes of love that he fails to s... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby And The Taming Of The Shrew Free Essays on The Great Gatsby And The Taming Of The Shrew Money, Love ,Aspiration In â€Å"The Great Gatsbyâ€Å" And â€Å"The Taming Of The Shrewâ€Å" It is often said that great minds think alike. We have Shakespeare being one of the greatest playwrites in time, and F.Scott Fitzgerald being one of America's most famous authors. So it would not be surprising to say that both author and playwrite wrote works which were quite comparable even today, despite the time difference in which they were written. Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew takes place in Elizabethan England as Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is set in America in the 1920's. Both pieces however endow characters which show similar characteristics and if carefully analyzed show recurring themes of Love, Money and Aspiration in many similar aspects. One recurring theme that is evident throughtout both pieces is love as both authors try to point out to their readers that what you see is not always what you get. This is apparent with Shakespeare's character of Lucentio in the taming of the shrew. Lucentio is an ambitous individual whos impulsive behaviour makes him a prime target for a seemingly beautiful and fair lady named Bianca, the daughter of a wealthy man named Baptista Minola. After seeing Bianca for the first time in a crowded marketplace, lucentio falls in love with Bianca at first sight and vows to marry her because she is so "virutous and fair". Similarily, in the great gatsby the main character by the name of Gatsby falls hopelessly in love with a wealthy woman named Daisy, after knowing her for a very little time. Gatsby, like Lucentio, vows to achieve Daisy and in the midst of his dream he is unable to see the reality of the situation. A world in which Daisy has moved on from their past relationship, gotten marrie d, and even given birth to a daughter. However, Gatsby is so obsessively tangled in his hopes of love that he fails to s...

Qué es estatus PRUCOL y qué inmigrantes están amparados

Quà © es estatus PRUCOL y quà © inmigrantes estn amparados Los inmigrantes PRUCOL son indocumentados que pueden tener acceso a algunos beneficios sociales. Los derechos que pueden tener depende de cada estado. PRUCOL significa residente permanente bajo el color de la ley, segà ºn sus siglas en inglà ©s. No es una de las 7 situaciones migratorias creadas por las leyes, sino que es consecuencia de una sentencia judicial. Para ser amparado por PRUCOL los requisitos son los siguientes: estar en Estados Unidos como indocumentadoque el gobierno federal sepa de la presencia en el paà ­s de se inmigrantey que a pesar de estar indocumentado el gobierno ha manifestado su intencià ³n de no proceder a su deportacià ³n, expulsià ³n o remocià ³n de Estados Unidos. Esto puede suceder porque el migrante se encuentra en una categorà ­a contra la que el gobierno no actà ºa para deportar o porque se le ha notificado al inmigrante que no va a ser deportado. Tienen que darse al mismo tiempo esos tres requisitos Ejemplos de situaciones migratorias que pueden ser amparadas por PRUCOL Personas en proceso de ajuste de estatusSolicitantes de asiloMigrantes con un Estatus de Proteccià ³n Temporal (TPS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s)Situaciones de cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n (cancellation of removal)Suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³nAccià ³n Diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) para muchachos que llegaron a USA antes de cumplir los 16 aà ±os y reà ºnen otros requisitos.Las personas extranjeras que al llegar a una aduana de Estados Unidos no cumplà ­an los requisitos para el ingreso pero se les permitià ³ un parole por razones humanitarias   y hace menos de un aà ±o de esa situacià ³n. Por ejemplo, caso de cubanos por pies secos pies mojados o de haitianos.Las và ­ctimas de violencia o de trfico de personas que han solicitado una visa U o una T.Migrantes que han solicitado por carta un alivio de la deportacià ³n hace ms de seis meses y no han obtenido una respuesta por parte de las autoridades. Beneficios sociales que pueden tener las personas consideradas PRUCOL Va a depender de cada estado. Algunos no conceden ningà ºn derecho, mientras que otros conceden algunos, como por ejemplo Nueva York, Nuevo Mà ©xico, Nueva Jersey, Maine, Massachusetts, Virginia, Hawaii y Pennsylvania. California se encuentra entre los ms generosos. Por otro lado, Texas, casa de aproximadamente el 14 por ciento del total de indocumentados presentes en USA, no brinda beneficios para los PRUCOL. Como los derechos y los requisitos cambian de estado a estado, verificar con las administraciones del lugar en el que se reside. Entre los beneficios ms comunes para los PRUCOL en los estados que asà ­ lo permiten se encuentran: MedicaidSSI/SSP, ingresos y pagos complementarios.CAPI, programa de asistencia en dinero, dependiendo de la edad o si sufren una incapacidad.SNAP, programa de asistencia para alimentos. En California se conoce como CalFreshAdems, en California hay ms programas especà ­ficos de ese estado, como CFAP, programa de asistencia para comidas que puede aplicar a algunso PRUCOL y CalWORKS. Adems, todos los indocumentados, incluso los que no son PRUCOL, tienen beneficios como Medicaid de Emergencia, que incluye entre otras medidas el parto y nacimiento de un bebà ©, y tambià ©n WIC, que es un programa de asistencia para alimentos para embarazadas, lactantes y bebà ©s. A tener en cuenta   No confundir PRUCOL con qualified immigrant, que es el requisito que pide el gobierno federal para tener acceso a programas financiados federalmente. Los PRUCOL no son inmigrantes cualificados a estos efectos. Asimismo, las personas que ingresaron a Estados Unidos antes del 22 de agosto de 1996 podrà ­an tener acceso a mayores beneficios sociales, ya que para ellos aplica una ley anterior.   Por à ºltimo, tener presente que PRUCOL no da derecho a obtener la tarjeta de residencia ni la ciudadanà ­a americana. Muchos inmigrantes PRUCOL podrn legalizarse siguiendo un camino especà ­fico para su caso, pero otros muchos permanecern toda su vida en esa situacià ³n de indocumentados a los que se les permite permanecer en Estados Unidos. Este artà ­culo es sà ³lo informativo. No es consejo legal.

Concert Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concert Report - Essay Example My accompanying friend, Chris, gets a wristband verifying that he is older than 21. Near the stage where Athletes helpers are setting up the stage with all of their instruments and power chords, a group of police officers nearby are regulating many college students to make sure they have their IDs for alcoholic beverages and to prevent any theft of sales merchandise at the concert. After we pass the security guards, we head up the ramps to our section of seats. As we are walking, I notice many different people that are present at this concert. Most people look like they are between their teen years and their late twenties. Walking along the hallway, the population seems like there are only few groups of people, but as I enter into the stadium for the first time, there seems to be hundreds upon hundreds of people. I look around the entire arena in awe as we climb the stairs to our seats. Suddenly, the lights turn off, spotlights flash, and a loud applause arises from Athletes fans right near the stage. A wall of sound comes closer and closer, thundering up towards the front. Some band mates come out from backstage, and the whole crowd stands up, yelling, screaming, and hollering. All of the cheers seem almost deafening. I start screaming at the top of my lungs, jumping up and down, with a huge smile on my face. Although the main concert is geared towards Athlete, another alternative music group that is attempting to make it big in the music industry starts the night off with a few punk rock songs. Although their style and energy is strong, they did get a few boos from the audience because they sounded and looked like outsiders compared to the famous Athlete band. Athletes band members emphasize that their lyrics reflect openness and honesty about themselves and real life experiences. Along with the lyrics, they say their songs are about enjoying

Developing a Interview Process from a Human Resource Perspective Essay

Developing a Interview Process from a Human Resource Perspective - Essay Example Planning helps in the learning of information of each candidate and at the same time avoids legal and pitfalls in the process. This assignment develops an interview and selection process for an entry level management position in the organization. It begins with making a job analysis for the position, creation of the interview outline, selecting the right candidates, which is followed by taking account of the legal restrictions in the process. Developing an Interview Process from a Human Resource Perspective Defining the job of a Human Resource Manager The overall job analysis of a Human Resource Manager includes conducting the conventional HR functions such as employee relations, administration of compensation and benefits in the organization, employment policies, personnel record keeping, safety issues of team members, training and development and finally ensuring compliance with the human resource laws and regulation (Columbia Association, 2006, p.1). Some other job responsibilitie s include professional work advising towards team leaders in the organization and team members with regards to the application of laws regarding workers compensation, employment and benefits and various employment policies applied in such aspects as discipline, hiring, termination of employees, training and development, benefits and compensation, leaves, equal opportunity etc. Desired profile of the ideal applicant The desired profile of the candidate includes; MBA degree from a reputed B-School with major in human resource management, Two to three years of experience in the HR discipline which includes employment policies, benefits, compensation, training and development, compensation, employee relations and conflict resolution, Excellent oral and written communication, Prior experience of working in a diverse workforce background and; Prior experience of working in a profit making organization (Columbia Association, 2006, p.3). Creating interview outline The process of filling up the vacant managerial position must begin with a team meeting where members from individual units and job categories must be participate. This committee must collectively decide on the desired profile of the candidates and this selection must be made against objective criteria and be job related. The actual mode of selection must also be settled at this stage. Generally a written exam followed by a technical round of interview and HRM interview is done. However, since in this case candidates reviewed have prior experience of two to three years in the relevant field, the written exam is not required. The candidate can be accessed through the technical round and HR interview round (AG Centre, 2005, p.1). Based on the ideal desired profile of the applicant the interview questions must also be settled. It is recommended that questions are objective and related to the job. Questions can also include both sets of open and close ended questions for making thorough analysis of the candidate ’s suitability for the position. The interview outline can provide a list of possible questions that can be asked to the candidates (AG Centre,

How Did Mobile Phones Change Cameroon Term Paper

How Did Mobile Phones Change Cameroon - Term Paper Example 9 Works Cited 11 1) What Are The Factors Or Forces In Your Selected Country (Cameroon), Which Leads To Rapid Development Of Mobile Phones? If So Why? Why Is It Faster? An important factor or force that has led towards the development of mobile phones in Cameroon has been related with socio-cultural issues. Increase in per-capita income of the probable users can recognize a major socio-cultural factor for increase in mobile phones in Cameroon. The availability of set out legal and regulatory frameworks to install and set up mobile phone towers has also provided significant benefits towards the growth. Highly advanced and appropriate technology is the other factor that must be considered for better development of the mobile phones according to the huge demand of consumers. In recent years in countries such as Cameroon, subscription of mobile phones has enlarged due to availability of mobile phones at lower costs. A large section of populace has started to use mobile phones in Sub-Sahar an Africa such as Cameroon in the period in between 2000 to 2008 can be apparently witnessed from the growth of mobile phone users from 16 million to 376 million. In some African countries mobile phone is generally used for oral communication instead of reading or typing text messages as these countries have a high level of illiteracy. With regards to Cameroon, cost is an important factor and therefore companies provide the facility of internet access in the handsets in much cheaper sets (Aker & Mbiti, â€Å"Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa†). Mobile phone service is highly profitable and is expanding in the emerging markets very rapidly. The growth and the development of the mobile phones have gained a strong position with rise in the population density in Cameroon. The profitability of the mobile phones is related to the demand factors. Apart from this, previously landline connections were being used and it required wires on every road with fewer lines in ea ch for every connection, which turned out to be very expensive. Therefore, mobile phone mechanism evolved that provided a service station within 5-10 kilometers radius which is much cheaper than landlines. Hence, it was found that the use of mobile phones proved to be most effective and gained acceptance among the consumers (Banks & Burge, â€Å"Mobile Phones: An Appropriate Tool for Conservation and Development†). 2) What Is The Status Of Mobile Phones In Cameroon? (Mobile Phone Generation, In Relation With Fixed Phones, Compare With Other Countries, Such As SAR, Bostwana, USA, Korean) The mobile phone revolution is felt across-the-board throughout Cameroon. It has been noted that there has been tremendous rise in the demand for the mobile phone after the liberalization took place in Cameroon by the government in the year 2000. With the invention of liberalized mobile phones administration in Cameroon, there has been rise in the competition among the private companies so tha t customers can be attracted. The figure below shows the mobile phone usage in Cameroon from the year 1996 to the year 2010: Mobile phone is considered as asset in numerous towns and villages of Cameroon. Alike most of the African countries, Cameroonian telecommunication sector has gained huge advantage from the spectacular development since the year 2000 (Zebaze, C. D., â€Å"Impact of Liberalisation of Trade in Services on Africa: Case of

Marketing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Assignment - Essay Example Compatibility refers to the degree to which innovation matches the values and experiences of the individuals. Iphone was highly compatible with the needs of the modern day phone user. Most people at the time of launch of this product were already using a laptop, a music player and a phone. The launch of iphone provided them with a new ease – they could now work on the internet and listen to music without carrying their laptops or music players. The function of three devices could now be performed by a single device. Complexity refers to the degree to which the product is difficult to use. Products which are complex and difficult to understand take a longer time to penetrate in the market. The iphone is very easy to use device. The single button operation of iphone is one of the reasons it is preferred over Samsung galaxy series. Divisibility means the degree to which the innovation can be tried on a limited basis. These limited trials as they are called help the company in finding out the reaction of the public towards the product and make changes if necessary. These trials are very common for iphone launches. Just before the launch the product is tested among college going youth , business executives etc. in order to know their input regarding the product. The main problem with divisibility is knowing if the sample group represents the feelings of the entire target population. This problem has to be solved by market research specialists for iphone. This refers to the degree to which the benefits of the innovation are visible or describable to others. The advantages of iphone are very easy for the user to show. There is visible difference in the features of an iphone as compared to other phones. The possession of an iphone has soon become a fashion statement among people soon after its launch. Globalization has helped on the convergence of civilizations. However, the differences between people of different

To what extent has a Human Rights Act transformed the protection of Essay

To what extent has a Human Rights Act transformed the protection of the idividual rights in the UK - Essay Example The European Convention on Human Rights which was formed in the year 1950 has been an international agreement, which has kept the UK bound by the ECHR. The UK adopted and integrated the ECHR in its national legislation, and operates in compliance with the provisions of the ECHR. As such, the ECHR protects the fundamental civil and political rights of all citizens of the European Union1. The UK enacted the Human Rights Act in the year 2000 and adapted the provisions of the ECHR in it. The courts in the UK have to respect the human rights laid down by the act. In the absence of a written constitution, the Human Rights Act protects the fundamental rights and civil liberties. The underlying objective of this Act is to comply with the rights provided by the ECHR, wherever possible. Therefore, the Human Rights Act strengthens the scope of the ECHR rights. The Human Rights Act strives hard to protect the fundamental rights of all citizens of the UK. The act ensures that an individual’s rights do not interfere with the rights of other individuals. On the other hand, the interests of the community should be treated as a whole. The ECHR also considered this aspect while drafting the Convention rights. Articles 8 to 11 of the ECHR provide that the community’s interests are protected. The first part of these Articles established the rights and the second part dea ls with the limitations of these rights2. The English courts have to follow the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and interpret them in the cases coming before them. The Human Rights Act ensures that the Parliament invariably takes into account, while proposing legislation, that balance is maintained between individual’s rights and the interests of the community. Furthermore, the Human Rights Act also requires the English courts to comply with the legislation enacted by Parliament. It permits the High Courts or the Supreme Court to disallow any law that is in

Global Human Resourses Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Human Resourses Management - Essay Example Thus considering both the costs and benefits of an organization, human resources are vital for the continued existence, performance and achievements of the enterprise (Brewster et al, 2011). With businesses going global, there are significant benefits associated with the economy of the world as a whole and the overall success of the companies. However, with respect to the management of human resources, it has been obtained that international businesses do pose certain challenges and difficulties (Dessler and Varkkey, 2009). The present study focuses on international business and its impact on human resources management trying to have an understanding on how the growth in international business affects HRM and how such challenges encountered by global HRM may be dealt with effectively. International Business and HRM: The need and importance of human resources management have been realized in both multinational companies as well as for small and medium sized enterprises. When business at an international level is considered, it can be realized that the HRM of the company is subject to the impact of â€Å"multi-country, regional and global change and dynamism than managers in a single-country operation† (Brewster et al, 2011). ... This includes learning about the laws, trade unions, labor market, and expectations of the country; Understand the impact of local cultural standards on the company’s natural ways of working and whether all of these can be utilized in other countries; Decide on whether to choose expatriates or local employees; Determine ways to deal with international moves if the company chose to send some employees out from their original base; and Determine ways to manage knowledge across geographical and cultural remoteness. It can thus be realized that the HRM plays a significant role in the selection of the right people for the right tasks to be accomplished at the right times, and hence they are encountered with highly essential responsibilities and challenges when a local company moves abroad for international business. Impact of the Growth of International Business on HRM: With the growth of international business, it is evident that the workforce of an organization comprises of emplo yees from different countries having different backgrounds and cultural knowledge and experiences. These employees can be expected to different sets of mind and skills and hence the management of such diverse workforce becomes a complicated responsibility for the HRM. It has been studied that in order to successfully achieve the goals of an organization in the international context, the working employees need to have interpersonal skills, influencing and negotiating skills, analytical and conceptual abilities, as well as strategic thinking capabilities. Moreover it is essential that the international workforce have greater knowledge on international business, international finance, international labor legislation, local labor